Visualizing crime in San Francisco

Creating a map looking at the crime data in the city of San Francisco
visualization
Published

January 30, 2020

In this blog, we will be looking at the crime data in the city of San Francisco. The data we will be using contains all crimes in San Francisco from the year 2018 to 2020. You can download the data here. Since this dataset is very large (more than 330,000 crimes), we will be considering only a small part of the data for this post.

# import libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import folium
# read the data into a pandas dataframe
df = pd.read_csv('SF_Crime_data.csv')
df.head()

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 s u f f i x : :31b8e172-b470-440e-83d8-e6b185028602

5 rows × 38 columns

# dimensions of the data
df.shape
(330054, 38)

There have been more than 330,000 crimes in San Francisco in the past two years.

df.columns
Index(['Incident Datetime', 'Incident Date', 'Incident Time', 'Incident Year',
       'Incident Day of Week', 'Report Datetime', 'Row ID', 'Incident ID',
       'Incident Number', 'CAD Number', 'Report Type Code',
       'Report Type Description', 'Filed Online', 'Incident Code',
       'Incident Category', 'Incident Subcategory', 'Incident Description',
       'Resolution', 'Intersection', 'CNN', 'Police District',
       'Analysis Neighborhood', 'Supervisor District', 'Latitude', 'Longitude',
       'point', 'SF Find Neighborhoods', 'Current Police Districts',
       'Current Supervisor Districts', 'Analysis Neighborhoods',
       'HSOC Zones as of 2018-06-05', 'OWED Public Spaces',
       'Central Market/Tenderloin Boundary Polygon - Updated',
       'Parks Alliance CPSI (27+TL sites)', 'ESNCAG - Boundary File',
       'Areas of Vulnerability, 2016', 'Unnamed: 36', 'Unnamed: 37'],
      dtype='object')

We do not need all these columns for our analysis. So we will consider only the necessary columns.

df = df[['Incident Datetime', 'Incident Day of Week', 'Incident Number', 'Incident Category', 'Incident Description', 
         'Police District', 'Analysis Neighborhood', 'Resolution', 'Latitude', 'Longitude', 'point']]
df.head()

Incident Datetime

Incident Day of Week

Incident Number

Incident Category

Incident Description

Police District

Analysis Neighborhood

Resolution

Latitude

Longitude

point

0

2/3/2020 14:45

Monday

200085557

Missing Person

Found Person

Taraval

Lakeshore

Open or Active

37.726950

-122.476039

(37.72694991292525, -122.47603947349434)

1

2/3/2020 3:45

Monday

200083749

Stolen Property

Stolen Property, Possession with Knowledge, Re…

Mission

Mission

Cite or Arrest Adult

37.752440

-122.415172

(37.752439644389675, -122.41517229045435)

2

2/3/2020 10:00

Monday

200084060

Non-Criminal

Aided Case, Injured or Sick Person

Tenderloin

Financial District/South Beach

Open or Active

37.784560

-122.407337

(37.784560141211806, -122.40733704162238)

3

1/19/2020 17:12

Sunday

206024187

Lost Property

Lost Property

Taraval

NaN

Open or Active

NaN

NaN

NaN

4

1/5/2020 0:00

Sunday

200085193

Miscellaneous Investigation

Miscellaneous Investigation

Richmond

Pacific Heights

Open or Active

37.787112

-122.440250

(37.78711245591735, -122.44024995765258)

Now, each row consists of the following 11 features: - Incident Datetime: The date and time when the incident occurred - Incident Day of Week: The day of week on which the incident occurred - Incident Number: The incident or crime number - Incident Category: The category of the incident or crime - Incident Desccription: The description of the incident or crime - Police: The police department district - Resolution: The resolution of the crime in terms of whether the perpertrator was arrested or not - Analysis Neighborhoods: The neighborhood where the incident took place - Latitude: The latitude value of the crime location - Longitude: The longitude value of the crime location - point: A tuple of the latitude and logitude values

Let’s drop the missing values from the Latitude and Longitude columns as they will result in an error when creating a map.

df.dropna(subset=['Latitude', 'Longitude'], inplace=True)

Rename the Incident Category column for the sake of simplicity.

df.rename(columns={'Incident Category':'Category'}, inplace=True)
df.head()

Incident Datetime

Incident Day of Week

Incident Number

Category

Incident Description

Police District

Analysis Neighborhood

Resolution

Latitude

Longitude

point

0

2/3/2020 14:45

Monday

200085557

Missing Person

Found Person

Taraval

Lakeshore

Open or Active

37.726950

-122.476039

(37.72694991292525, -122.47603947349434)

1

2/3/2020 3:45

Monday

200083749

Stolen Property

Stolen Property, Possession with Knowledge, Re…

Mission

Mission

Cite or Arrest Adult

37.752440

-122.415172

(37.752439644389675, -122.41517229045435)

2

2/3/2020 10:00

Monday

200084060

Non-Criminal

Aided Case, Injured or Sick Person

Tenderloin

Financial District/South Beach

Open or Active

37.784560

-122.407337

(37.784560141211806, -122.40733704162238)

4

1/5/2020 0:00

Sunday

200085193

Miscellaneous Investigation

Miscellaneous Investigation

Richmond

Pacific Heights

Open or Active

37.787112

-122.440250

(37.78711245591735, -122.44024995765258)

5

2/3/2020 8:36

Monday

200083909

Miscellaneous Investigation

Miscellaneous Investigation

Central

Financial District/South Beach

Open or Active

37.796926

-122.399507

(37.796926429317054, -122.39950750040278)

limit = 100
df = df.iloc[0:limit, :]
# new dimensions of the data
df.shape
(100, 11)

Visualization

Let’s visualize where these crimes took place in the city of San Francisco.

# San Francisco latitude and longitude values
latitude = 37.7749
longitude = -122.4194
# create a map
sanfran_map = folium.Map(location=[latitude, longitude], zoom_start=12)
sanfran_map

Let’s create clusters of neighborhoods. The number of crimes per clusters is denoted on the cluster circle. In a Jupyter notebook, you can interact with the map - click on a cluster to zoom in, in on a marker to check the category of the crime.

from folium import plugins

# let's start again with a clean copy of the map of San Francisco
sanfran_map = folium.Map(location = [latitude, longitude], zoom_start = 12)

# instantiate a mark cluster object for the incidents in the dataframe
incidents = plugins.MarkerCluster().add_to(sanfran_map)

# loop through the dataframe and add each data point to the mark cluster
for lat, lng, label, in zip(df.Latitude, df.Longitude, df.Category):
    folium.Marker(
        location=[lat, lng],
        icon=None,
        popup=label,
    ).add_to(incidents)

# display map
sanfran_map